Types of Hair Loss and Causes (20 minutes)
Introduction
Hair loss is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the different types of hair loss, their causes, and potential treatment options can help individuals take the necessary steps for prevention and management. This lesson explores six major types of hair loss and the various factors that contribute to them.
1. Androgenetic Alopecia (Male & Female Pattern Hair Loss)
Explanation:
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss and is influenced by genetic predisposition and hormonal changes. It occurs in both men and women but manifests differently.
Causes:
- Genetic inheritance from either parent
- Hormonal influences, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
- Aging and progressive follicle miniaturization
Stages of Progression:
- Men: Classified using the Norwood Scale, which maps hairline recession and crown thinning.
- Women: Classified using the Ludwig Scale, which tracks diffuse thinning along the part line.
Treatment Options:
- FDA-approved medications: Minoxidil (Rogaine) and Finasteride (Propecia)
- Low-level laser therapy (LLLT)
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy
- Hair transplantation (FUT & FUE techniques)
- Lifestyle changes and scalp health maintenance
2. Alopecia Areata
Explanation:
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks hair follicles, leading to unpredictable, patchy hair loss.
Causes:
- Genetic predisposition
- Autoimmune response
- Triggers: Stress, viral infections, and environmental factors
Types of Alopecia Areata:
- Alopecia Areata: Small, round bald patches
- Alopecia Totalis: Complete scalp hair loss
- Alopecia Universalis: Total body hair loss
Treatment Approaches:
- Corticosteroid injections and topical applications
- Immunotherapy (Diphencyprone – DPCP)
- JAK inhibitors (emerging treatments)
- Psychological support due to emotional impact
3. Telogen Effluvium
Explanation:
A temporary form of hair shedding caused by physiological or emotional stress, disrupting the hair growth cycle.
Causes:
- Severe illness, surgery, or hospitalization
- Major stress events (childbirth, trauma, bereavement)
- Nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin D, protein)
- Medications (antidepressants, blood thinners, retinoids)
Types:
- Acute Telogen Effluvium: Sudden shedding lasting up to 6 months
- Chronic Telogen Effluvium: Prolonged shedding lasting more than 6 months
Recovery & Treatment:
- Address underlying causes (stress management, improved nutrition)
- Minoxidil for stimulation of hair regrowth
- Avoidance of further triggers
4. Traction Alopecia
Explanation:
A form of hair loss caused by repeated tension on the hair follicles from certain hairstyles or mechanical stress.
Common Causes:
- Tight hairstyles (braids, ponytails, dreadlocks, weaves)
- Frequent use of hair extensions or wigs
- Excessive use of hair rollers or headgear
- Chemical treatments weakening hair structure
Prevention & Treatment:
- Reducing tension on hair by opting for looser hairstyles
- Limiting the use of extensions and chemical treatments
- Topical minoxidil to encourage regrowth
- Scalp massage and improved hair care routines
5. Scarring Alopecia (Cicatricial Alopecia)
Explanation:
A group of rare disorders causing permanent hair loss due to follicle destruction and scarring.
Causes:
- Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA): A form of scarring alopecia affecting the frontal hairline
- Lichen Planopilaris (LPP): Autoimmune inflammation damaging follicles
- Folliculitis Decalvans: Bacterial infection leading to follicle destruction
- Trauma, burns, or radiation therapy
Why Early Intervention is Crucial:
- Once follicles are destroyed, hair cannot regrow.
- Anti-inflammatory treatments (steroids, antibiotics) can slow progression.
- PRP therapy and hair transplantation in select cases.
6. Other Conditions Impacting Hair Loss
Nutritional Deficiencies:
- Iron Deficiency: Common in women; can lead to diffuse thinning.
- Biotin Deficiency: Though rare, it affects keratin structure.
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Affects follicle health and immune response.
Medication-Induced Hair Loss:
- Chemotherapy drugs: Cause widespread hair loss but typically reversible.
- Hormonal Treatments (birth control, hormone replacement therapy): Affect hair cycle regulation.
- Antidepressants & Blood Pressure Medications: Some can cause telogen effluvium.
Thyroid Disorders and Hormonal Imbalances:
- Hypothyroidism: Causes diffuse thinning, dry hair, and breakage.
- Hyperthyroidism: Can result in excessive shedding.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Androgen-related thinning in women.
Conclusion
Hair loss can have multiple causes, ranging from genetics and autoimmune conditions to lifestyle and environmental factors. Identifying the type of hair loss is the first step in finding an appropriate treatment plan. While some forms are temporary and treatable, others require medical intervention and lifestyle adjustments for management.
Key Takeaways:
- Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type and progresses over time.
- Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder with unpredictable patchy loss.
- Telogen effluvium results from stress, illness, or medication and is often reversible.
- Traction alopecia can be prevented by reducing tension on the hair.
- Scarring alopecia involves follicle destruction and requires early intervention.
- Nutritional deficiencies, medications, and hormonal imbalances can contribute to hair loss.
Understanding these conditions can help individuals make informed decisions about their hair health and seek professional advice when necessary.
TMG Ventures, Inc.