So, You Want to Be a Licensed Cosmetologist or Barber? Here’s What You Need to Know
Entering the world of cosmetology or barbering opens doors to an exciting career where creativity, skill, and personal connection combine. From foundational training to exploring specialty niches, this path has much to offer. But it’s essential to understand the realities of this field, from licensure and continuing education (CE) requirements to the diversity of workplaces and specializations that exist. In this guide from The Hair Society, we’ll explore what it takes to thrive in this career, the various opportunities available, and the additional skills you’ll need beyond your technical training.
The Path to Licensure: Hours, Exams, and State Requirements
Each state has unique requirements to qualify as a licensed cosmetologist or barber. These standards dictate the training hours needed, specific coursework, and exams that must be passed.
- Cosmetology: Training hours for cosmetologists range from 1,200 to 2,300, covering haircutting, styling, coloring, skincare, and nail care. For instance, in Texas, 1,500 hours are required, whereas New York mandates 1,000.
- Barbering: Barber programs, typically 1,000 to 2,000 hours, emphasize precision cutting, beard grooming, and shaving techniques, with a focus on sanitation and clipper work.
- Exams: Upon completing required hours, most states mandate a written and practical licensing exam. The practical portion often involves demonstrating skills on a model or mannequin under time constraints.
- Attrition Rates: It’s important to know that about 30% of students who enroll in cosmetology or barbering school ultimately don’t pursue a career in the field. Some find the work more physically demanding than expected, while others discover it’s not the right fit.
Understanding these requirements—and the commitment involved—can help you plan your training path and give you an advantage as you work toward licensure.
Techniques in Hair Care: Building Foundational Skills
During training, you’ll learn a wide array of hair care techniques. These will form the foundation of your work, but continued education is essential to keep up with changing trends and technologies. Here are some core skills you’ll develop:
- Hair Cutting: Mastering hair cutting is fundamental. Both barbers and cosmetologists practice techniques like layering, fades, razor cuts, and more to create customized looks for each client.
- Coloring Techniques: Color theory, mixing, and application are crucial, especially with techniques like balayage, highlights, and ombre. Color corrections require experience, as they involve reversing or fixing previous color treatments.
- Chemical Treatments: From perms to keratin treatments, you’ll learn how chemicals interact with hair structure. These treatments are popular but demand a solid understanding to prevent hair damage.
- Scalp & Hair Treatments: Cosmetologists also gain knowledge in scalp health, using treatments that improve hair texture and manage issues like dandruff or thinning hair.
Specialty Niches in the Beauty Industry: Deepening Your Expertise
Specializing in a niche area can set you apart and allow you to provide highly sought-after services. However, pursuing a specialty often requires additional training and certification. Here’s a deeper look at some of the industry’s most popular specialties, including the benefits and challenges of each.
- Blowout Bars: Specializing in blowouts and styling, these salons focus on achieving a polished, voluminous look for clients. The training is often less intensive than for colorists, but building speed and consistency is critical. Blowout bars are popular for event-ready looks, with salons like Drybar setting the standard. Rewards: Regular clients and higher tips. Risks: Physically demanding with repetitive motion injuries over time.
- Color Bars: As a color specialist, you’ll need advanced knowledge in color theory, blending, and corrective color. Many colorists complete certifications with brands like Redken or Wella to deepen their skills. Rewards: High earning potential, especially in boutique salons; the chance to develop a reputation as a color expert.